Evidence · Fleet trials

Waste Services — Germany

Across five Waste Services refuse collection vehicles running their regular rounds with their regular drivers, fuel consumption over 16 weeks (15 June to 30 September 2026, 296 vehicle-days) averaged 17.7% below the same vehicles’ own March–May baseline — measured from Waste Services’ own fleet management system, with the drivers not informed that the treatment had been applied. The vehicles also ran lighter and in a warmer season than in the baseline; both effects are set out on this page.

Proof of concept — documented; not independently validated Municipal waste collection
Aerial view of a fleet of trucks parked in rows at a depot
Municipal waste collection is a good test case: the same vehicles run regular rounds out of one depot every week, so week-to-week fuel data is comparable. The rounds did change over the summer, and the load with them — both are set out below.
−17.7%Average of the five vehicles’ changes against their own baseline
296Vehicle-days of daily consumption data over 16 weeks
71%Journeys from July to September to destinations also served during the baseline
−8.7%Vehicle utilisation during the trial window — a confounder, not a result
Waste Services trial — at a glance
Operator[operator address redacted]
Vehicles5 refuse collection vehicles (3× Iveco, 1× Volvo, 1× Mercedes), 7.2 t to 18 t bodies
BaselineMarch, April and May 2026 — same vehicles, same depot, before any treatment
Trial window15 June to 30 September 2026, 16 weeks and 296 vehicle-days (trial still running; October follows)
Measured quantityAverage daily consumption in l/100 km
Data sourceWaste Services’ own fleet management system plus daily operational records (tour, hours, distance, load) supplied by Waste Services; temperatures from the German Weather Service
Route continuity83% of July journeys and 71% of journeys from July to September ran to destinations that were also served during the baseline
LoadAverage utilisation fell from 0.87 to 0.79 between the two periods — see the second chart
TemperatureRegional mean 10.5 °C in the baseline months and 18.9 °C across the trial window (German Weather Service)
BlindingDrivers were not informed that the air filters had been treated
Control groupNone — comparison is against the vehicles’ own earlier baseline
The result

Every measurement, not just the best one

Waste Services — Per-vehicle result, 15 June to 30 September (16 weeks). Baseline is each vehicle’s own March–May average. Lower is better.
VehicleMakeBaseline (l/100 km)Trial (l/100 km)Change
Vehicle 01Iveco25.7020.61−19.8%
Vehicle 02Iveco22.2220.57−7.4%
Vehicle 03Iveco24.2116.35−32.5%
Vehicle 04Volvo23.3519.79−15.3%
Vehicle 05Mercedes24.1320.84−13.6%
Fleet−17.7% (average of the five changes)
Average daily consumption, l/100 km — lower is better · shared scale, axis from zero · March–May mean
Vehicle 01 · Iveco: −19.8% 28 0 25.7 treated Vehicle 01 · Iveco −19.8% March Week 16
Vehicle 02 · Iveco: −7.4% 28 0 22.22 treated Vehicle 02 · Iveco −7.4% March Week 16
Vehicle 03 · Iveco: −32.5% 28 0 24.21 treated Vehicle 03 · Iveco −32.5% March Week 16
Vehicle 04 · Volvo: −15.3% 28 0 23.35 treated Vehicle 04 · Volvo −15.3% March Week 16
Vehicle 05 · Mercedes: −13.6% 28 0 24.13 treated Vehicle 05 · Mercedes −13.6% March Week 16
Grey is measured consumption before any treatment — the three months are monthly averages, so they are coarser than the weekly points on the right and are drawn as a separate line rather than joined to them. The dotted vertical line marks the treatment. Three things are worth reading here that a single before-and-after figure hides: the pre-treatment months already vary by up to four litres per 100 km on the same vehicle, which is the natural month-to-month spread any saving has to beat; four of the five vehicles drift slowly upwards again over the weeks; and the gaps are real — Vehicle 01 was out of service in weeks 6 and 7 and again in week 11, Vehicle 03 had no reading in week 12, Vehicle 05 none in week 11, and Vehicle 02 left the trial after week 10 when its lease ended.
Average capacity utilisation per operating day, baseline against trial window Grouped column chart for five vehicles. Utilisation falls between the March–May baseline and the 12 June to 30 September trial window at four of the five vehicles, by between 6.1 and 18.0 per cent. One vehicle, Vehicle 04, rises by 7.0 per cent. Across the fleet utilisation falls from 0.87 to 0.79. Capacity utilisation per operating day · 1.00 = full nominal load — this is a confounder, not a result March–May baseline 12 Jun – 30 Sep trial window 0 0.6 1.2 −18.0% Vehicle 01 Iveco −16.9% Vehicle 02 Iveco −10.0% Vehicle 03 Iveco +7.0% Vehicle 04 Volvo −6.1% Vehicle 05 Mercedes
This chart is not a result — it is the trial’s main confounder, and we only found it because Waste Services supplied the operational records alongside the fuel figures. A lighter vehicle burns less fuel per 100 km whatever is on its air filter, and across the fleet utilisation fell 8.7% between the two periods. What argues against reading the saving that way: the change in load does not track the saving across the five vehicles — the correlation is +0.01 — and Vehicle 04 carried 7.0% more load and still used 15.3% less fuel. Recalculated in tonnes with Waste Services’ own unit-weight assumptions (90 kg per tonnage unit, 20 kg per further moved unit), the fleet load falls by 7.9% and the picture is the same. Within the same vehicle, daily load and daily consumption showed no detectable relationship (+0.02 l/100 km per tonne, t = 0.8, 249 vehicle-days); across vehicles heavier trucks do use more fuel, as expected, which is why that comparison is made within each vehicle.
A rectangular vehicle air filter with light blue filter medium, held in a workshop
Vehicle 01 and Vehicle 02Both Iveco with a 12 t box body — the two identical vehicles in the trial, running the same filter.
A used panel air filter with visible dust deposits across the pleats, lying in its housing
Vehicle 03Iveco, 7.2 t body. Panel element, with the dust loading visible across the pleats.
A cylindrical air filter element with pleated paper and red end caps, standing on a workbench
Vehicle 04Volvo, 14 t body. Cylindrical element.
An oval air filter element in a black support cage, on a workbench in front of a red truck
Vehicle 05Mercedes, 18 t body. Oval element, photographed at the depot.

These are the air filters the treatment was applied to, photographed by us on site at the North Rhine-Westphalia depot. Four photographs cover the five vehicles because two of them — Vehicle 01 and Vehicle 02 — are the same Iveco with the same 12 t box body and therefore the same filter; the operational records list them under the identical body class. The other three vehicles each run a different element, which is why no two of these photographs look alike. Together they document what was treated: standard OEM filters, in a working depot, not a laboratory. They are not a before-and-after comparison — the record carries no date and no application status for any of them, so nothing about the condition of a filter in these photographs should be read as a result.

Why we anonymise

Customer confidentiality is part of our professional standard.

We value the confidentiality of our customers, partners and data owners. Publicly presented test cases are therefore anonymised and do not disclose vehicle identities, vessel names, fleet details or commercially sensitive operating data unless explicit public disclosure has been agreed.

Our principle

Proof should come from validation, not from borrowed credibility.

Our technology should be judged by a transparent test approach and by each customer’s ability to verify NanoEFX under their own operating conditions — not by a wall of past customer logos.

Waste Services — how it was measured

Method before result

The five vehicles ran their normal collection rounds throughout, out of the Waste Services depot in North Rhine-Westphalia — same vehicles, same depot, regular drivers. Fuel consumption came from Waste Services’ own fleet management system rather than from any measurement we installed, and Waste Services verified the figures as the owner and operator of the vehicles.

The drivers were deliberately not told that the air filters had been treated. That matters more than it sounds: if a driver knows a fuel-saving product is being tested, driving style tends to change on its own. Keeping the drivers uninformed reduces that bias in the result — it cannot rule out every difference in driving between spring and summer.

The headline figure is the average of the five vehicles’ changes, each calculated from the vehicle’s daily consumption in litres per 100 km against its own March–May average (296 vehicle-days). No distance enters it, which matters because the distance records have gaps (see the limits). Weighting the five changes by recorded kilometres would give a somewhat larger figure, about 19.7%; we quote the unweighted one because the distances behind the weights are incomplete.

Waste Services additionally supplied the daily operational records for all seven months, March to September — destination, hours, distance and load for every working day. That second dataset is the reason this page says more about the trial’s weaknesses than the fuel figures alone could. It shows that the recorded distance totals 43,998 km between 12 June and 30 September, it establishes how far the routes stayed the same, and it uncovered the load shift described below. The load figures are recalculated from the same records with the unit weights Waste Services applies in its own evaluation, 90 kg per tonnage unit and 20 kg per further moved unit — assumptions of the operator that we have not verified.

Route continuity was checked destination by destination. In July, 83% of the journeys went to destinations that also appear in the March–May records; across July to September the share is 71%, and for individual vehicles it ranges from 40% to 75%. The June sheet carries no destination column, so June could not be checked. The routes therefore stayed largely, not entirely, the same: the objection "they were driving different routes" can be answered with data, and the answer is "partly".

Temperatures come from an independent source, the German Weather Service: the regional mean for North Rhine-Westphalia was 10.5 °C across the baseline months March to May and 18.9 °C across the trial window, weighted by the vehicle-days in each month — 8.4 °C warmer. On the five vehicles’ own baseline months the temperature response is weak: −0.12 litres per 100 km per °C (t = −1.2, 15 vehicle-months). Taken at that estimate, about 4 of the 17.7 percentage points could be seasonal.

How we measure, and what makes a fuel trial credible →

Waste Services — what this result does not prove

The limits of this trial

We publish these next to the result rather than in a footnote. If a limitation would change how you read the number, you should read it at the same time as the number.

Known limitations

  • There is no control group. Untreated sister vehicles running the same routes over the same weeks would separate the treatment effect from the season and from the load shift in one step — this is the single biggest improvement available for this trial.
  • The vehicles ran lighter during the trial. Average capacity utilisation across the fleet fell from 0.87 to 0.79 — down 8.7% — and distance per driving day fell 6.6%. A lighter refuse truck burns less fuel per 100 km regardless of any treatment, so some unknown part of the 17.7% is a load effect rather than a product effect. This is the most important caveat on this page, and we would not know about it if Waste Services had sent only the fuel figures.
  • Against that: the load shift does not track the result. The change in utilisation and the saving across the five vehicles correlate at +0.01 — effectively none — and Vehicle 04 carried 7.0% more utilisation while using 15.3% less fuel. Within the same vehicle, daily load and daily consumption showed no detectable relationship (+0.02 l/100 km per tonne, t = 0.8, 249 vehicle-days). That is the absence of a detectable effect, not proof that there is none: the unit weights behind the load figures are assumptions, and with five vehicles this is an argument, not a proof.
  • The baseline is seasonal. March–May, at 10.5 °C, is compared with a window that averaged 18.9 °C, and summer diesel, fewer cold starts, no cabin heating and drier roads all reduce consumption on their own. The temperature response measured on the vehicles’ own baseline months is weak, so the seasonal share could be smaller or larger than the roughly 4 percentage points it implies.
  • Route continuity fell over the summer. 83% of the July journeys went to baseline destinations, but only 71% across July to September, and as little as 40% for one vehicle (Vehicle 02). A changed round can change consumption in either direction; we have not separated that effect.
  • The distance records are incomplete. On 47 working days between 12 June and 30 September a vehicle moved units and logged hours, but no usable kilometre reading was recorded — 19 read “no data”, 9 are unclear and 19 read 0. Roughly 9,000 km, about 17% of the distance covered, is missing, and one 248 km tour is dated to a day that does not exist. This is why distance does not enter the headline figure; litres per 100 km are recorded for every vehicle-day used.
  • Vehicles dropped out. Vehicle 02 left the trial — last reading 21 August, lease ended 1 September — so the fleet average rests on at most four vehicles from week 11. Vehicle 01 was out of service in weeks 6 and 7 (an entry “water in oil” is recorded on 21 July) and again around 24 August; Vehicle 03 was in the workshop on five days in early September.
  • Planned services fall inside the trial. The vehicle records list service intervals, and for four of the five vehicles a planned service is due within the trial window — Vehicle 04 in July, Vehicles 01, 02 and 03 in September. According to the operator, the air filters were not replaced, cleaned or treated again: the mileage did not yet require it, and an inspection found them clean enough.
  • Traffic, driver rotation and vehicle maintenance status were not systematically controlled during this proof-of-concept phase.
  • The spread between vehicles is wide — from 7.4% to 32.5%, and 14.0% on average without the strongest vehicle. Route changes do not explain it: Vehicle 03, the −32.5% vehicle, has the highest route continuity of all five at 75%. It remains an outlier to be explained rather than a headline.
  • The data are documented — daily consumption data, daily operational records and the operator’s fleet-management system. The trial report itself calls them proof-of-concept data and names a controlled validation trial with a defined protocol and a control group as the next step towards certified documentation. The trial is still running; October follows once its operational records are available.
Waste Services — what it means

Reading this evidence in context

For a municipal waste operator, refuse collection is a high-consumption, low-speed, stop-start duty cycle, and fuel is a dominant, controllable cost line.

What this trial supports is a clear, consistent direction: all five vehicles came in below their own baseline in every recorded week — 69 vehicle-weeks — on routes that largely stayed the same, with drivers who did not know. What it does not support is a precise number. Two effects push in our favour and are not fully quantified — the season and the lighter loads — and neither can be separated out without a control group.

That is why the figure to take from this page is the direction and the method, not the 17.7%. An operator planning a budget should assume less than this trial shows, and then measure their own fleet.

The honest next step is the one the report itself recommends, and the operational records now make it easy to design: a controlled validation trial with untreated sister vehicles on the same rounds, and load recorded per day so it can be held constant in the analysis rather than discovered afterwards.

Waste Services — FAQ

Questions operators ask about this trial

Is the 17.7% a measured or a calculated figure?
It is measured, from Waste Services’ own fleet management data — but it is uncorrected. It compares the trial period against the same vehicles’ March–May baseline without adjusting for season or load, and there is no control group, so part of the difference may come from factors other than the treatment.
Why were the drivers not told about the treatment?
To keep driving behaviour out of the result. When drivers know that a fuel-saving product is being trialled, driving style often changes without anyone intending it, and the trial then measures the driver rather than the product. Not informing them reduces that bias — it is one of the reasons this dataset is stronger than a typical field test, although it cannot rule out every difference in driving.
How is the fleet figure calculated?
It is the average of the five vehicles’ changes, each against that vehicle’s own March–May baseline — 17.7%. Distance does not enter it. Weighting each vehicle by the kilometres it actually drove would give about 19.7%, but the kilometre records have gaps, so we do not use them as weights.
The trucks ran lighter during the trial. Does that not explain the whole saving?
It could explain part of it, and we cannot tell you how much. Average utilisation fell 8.7% between the two periods, and a lighter refuse truck uses less fuel per 100 km whatever is on its air filter. What argues against it explaining the whole saving is that the two do not move together across the fleet: the correlation between the change in load and the saving is +0.01 — effectively none — and one vehicle carried 7.0% more utilisation and still used 15.3% less fuel. With five vehicles that is suggestive, not conclusive, which is why we publish the load data and the chart rather than the conclusion.
Was it not simply warmer than in the baseline months?
Yes. According to the German Weather Service the regional mean was 10.5 °C in March to May and 18.9 °C across the trial window. On the vehicles’ own baseline months, consumption fell by about 0.12 litres per 100 km for each degree warmer — a weak relationship. Taken at face value, about 4 of the 17.7 percentage points could be seasonal; the true share could be smaller or larger, and it cannot be separated out without a control group.
How stable were the routes?
Waste Services supplied the daily tour records, and we checked destination by destination. 83% of the July journeys went to destinations that were also served during the March–May baseline; across July to September the share is 71%. It is not the same for every vehicle — it ranges from 40% to 75%, and in July two of the five swapped a substantial share of their rounds with each other — which is one reason we quote a fleet figure rather than reading much into any single vehicle.
Can we see the underlying data?
The per-vehicle baseline and trial consumption figures are published in the table on this page, and the load and distance figures come from Waste Services’ daily operational records. Both datasets sit with Waste Services as the vehicle operator; if you are evaluating a pilot, ask us and we will discuss what can be shared.
Does this prove NanoEFX saves 17% on any fleet?
No. It shows what happened on five refuse trucks on their regular rounds over one summer and early autumn, against their own baseline and without a control group. A different duty cycle, a different season or a different baseline can produce a very different number — which is exactly why we run a pilot on your own fleet rather than quoting a fleet-wide figure.
Waste Services — where this data comes from

Provenance

Operator
[operator address redacted] — all journeys start and end here
Data owner
Waste Services (own fleet management system and operational records), figures verified by the operator
Documents
NanoEFX Proof of Concept Report, Waste Services Germany trial (confidential); daily consumption records, 15 June to 16 October 2026 (litres per 100 km per vehicle and working day); daily operational records for March to September 2026 (destination, hours, distance, units moved); vehicle master data and monthly averages; German Weather Service (DWD) regional mean air temperature for North Rhine-Westphalia, monthly, March to September 2026
Photographs
Taken on site at the North Rhine-Westphalia depot by ECO EFX Solutions GmbH, filed against each vehicle in the trial record — our own images
Baseline period
1 March to 31 May 2026
Trial window
15 June to 30 September 2026 — 16 weeks, 296 vehicle-days; consumption records run to 16 October, the October operational records follow
Recalculation
Distance, load and route continuity recomputed from the operational records; monthly total and average rows excluded; consumption, load and weather figures reproduced by script from the source files
Open items
What else was done at the planned services; the October operational records; the operator’s own load and weather evaluation, which we recalculated rather than adopted
Status
Trial ongoing — figures on this page cover 15 June to 30 September
Last checked
8 November 2026
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